What are services and who provides them?
In this paper we define services and provide an overview of who produces them and why. The first section defines a service as a type of product that can only be consumed while production is taking place. This rests on the concept of inseparability, which refers to the characteristic that the consumption and production of a service are inseparable. The second section provides an overview of the private, the not-for-profit and the government sectors in Australia.
- What is Access?
- What is Access?
An introduction to where Australians live
This paper provides an introduction to how people are distributed spatially across Australia. The discussion is broken into two sections. The first describes the distribution of where people live across Australia, examines the way in which people are clustered into Cities, Towns and Villages (CTVs) and then analyses the distribution of these clusters. The second outlines how two characteristics, isolation and density, changes across cities, towns and villages, with a particular focus on the link to population size.
- An introduction to where Australians live
- An introduction to where Australians live
This paper sets out a framework of access, with a particular focus on access to services. Previous research has examined dimensions of access, often in terms of a particular field and with an emphasis on the consumer. The work of Penchansky and Thomas (1981) has been drawn on for decades, with its 'five As' of access: availability, accessibility, accommodation, affordability and acceptability. In this paper we expand the scope of these access dimensions, consider both the consumer and producer perspectives, and frame the dimensions in terms of a spectrum of accessibility. The framework includes eight dimensions of access: time, space, price, quantity, quality, acceptability, information and awareness.
- What is Access?
- What is Access?
Progress in Australian Regions Yearbook 2018
The Progress in Australian Regions–Yearbook is a statistical resource that measures progress in a region against social, economic, environmental and governance indicators. The Yearbook brings together information about Australia's regions from a range of different sources and presents that data in a consistent format over time.
This fifth edition updates information from previous editions of the Yearbook. It incorporates updated data where possible, and also presents previously published census data as newly released 2016 ASGS Remoteness Area geographies.
Excel files with additional geographic boundaries have also been provided, where data is available at that scale (Local Government Areas, Statistical Urban Areas, Statistical Areas Level 2, Statistical Areas Level 3). These are additional to the data in the published Yearbook.
Note that data for areas with very small populations should be used with caution, as small numbers can be significantly impacted by random adjustment.
Where possible, component data used to calculate indicators has been included.
- Progress in Australian Regions Yearbook 2018
- Introduction
- Foreword
- Contents, list of tables, list of figures
Progress indicators
Contextual indicators
Appendices
- Abbreviations and acronyms; Endnotes and definitions; and References
Previous yearbooks
- Progress in Australian Regions–Yearbook 2017
- Progress in Australian Regions–Yearbook 2016
- Progress in Australian Regions–Yearbook 2015
- Progress in Australian Regions–Yearbook 2014
Society
- Progress 1: Society
- P 1.1 Health and wellbeing
- P 1.1.1 Life expectancy at birth
- P 1.1.2 Psychological distress
- P 1.1.3 Suicide rate
- P 1.1.4 Overweight or obese
- P 1.1.5 Physical activity
- P 1.1.6 Smoking rates
- P 1.2 Close relationships
- P 1.2.1 Children developmentally vulnerable due to physical health and wellbeing
- P 1.3 Home
- P 1.3.1 Homelessness
- P 1.3.1 Homelessness–Additional boundaries
- P 1.3.2 Overcrowded conditions
- P 1.3.2 Overcrowded conditions–Additional boundaries
- P 1.3.3 Households that own their own home
- P 1.3.3 Households that own their own home–Additional boundaries
- P 1.3.4 Recognising traditional country
- P 1.4 Safety
- P 1.4.1 Victims of physical assault
- P 1.4.2 Victims of malicious property damage
- P 1.4.3 Road fatalities
- P 1.5 Learning and knowledge
- P 1.5.1 Vocational or higher educational qualifications
- P 1.5.1 Vocational or higher educational qualifications–Additional boundaries
- P 1.5.2 Year 5 and 9 reading standards
- P 1.5.3 Year 5 and 9 numeracy standards
- P 1.6 Community connections
- P 1.6.1 Voluntary work
- P 1.6.1 Voluntary work–Additional boundaries
- P 1.7 Fair opportunity
- P 1.7.1 Disposable household income for low and middle income households
- P 1.8 Enriched lives
- P 1.8.1 Unpaid help
- P 1.8.2 Attendance at cultural venues and events
Economy
- Progress 2: Economy
- P 2.1 Opportunities
- P 2.1.1 Having a qualification or working in a skilled occupation
- P 2.1.1 Having a qualification or working in a skilled occupation–Additional boundaries
- P 2.1.2 Young people earning or learning
- P 2.1.2 Young people earning or learning–Additional boundaries
- P 2.1.3 Net business entry rate
- P 2.1.3 Net business entry rate–Additional boundaries
- P 2.2 Jobs
- P 2.2.1 Employed persons
- P 2.2.2 Unemployment rate
- P 2.2.3 Youth unemployment rate
- P 2.3 A resilient economy
- P 2.3.1 Proportion of unemployed persons unemployed for 12 months or more
- P 2.3.2 Labour force underutilisation rate
- P 2.3.3 Value of new building approvals
- P 2.3.3 Value of new building approvals–Additional boundaries
- P 2.4 Enhanced living standards
- P 2.4.1 Real median weekly household income
- P 2.4.1 Real median weekly household income–Additional boundaries
- P 2.4.2 Real household net worth
- P 2.4.3 Labour force participation
- P 2.5 Fair outcomes
- P 2.5.1 Inequality in household income
- P 2.5.1 Inequality in household income–Additional boundaries
- P 2.6 International economic engagement
- P 2.6.1 International visits to resident ratio
Environment
- Progress 3: Environment
- P 3.1 Healthy natural environment
- P 3.1.1. Air pollution
- P 3.2 Appreciating the environment
- P 3.2.1 Domestic trips involving nature activities
- P 3.3 Protecting the environment
- P 3.3.1 Protected areas of land
- P 3.4 Sustaining the environment
- P 3.4.1 Greenhouse gas emissions from road transport
- P 3.5 Healthy built environments
- P 3.5.1 Average commuting time
- P 3.5.2 Active travel
- P 3.5.2 Active travel–Additional boundaries
- P 3.5.3 Number of solar panel systems
- P 3.5.3 Number of solar panel systems–Additional boundaries
Governance
- Progress 4: Governance
- P 4.1 Trust
- P 4.1.1 Generalised trust
- P 4.1.2 Informal votes
- P 4.2 Participation
- P 4.2.1 Voter turnout
- P 4.2.2 Participation in a civic or political group
- P 4.2.3 Uptake of Australian citizenship
- P 4.2.3 Uptake of Australian citizenship–Additional boundaries
Population and demographics
- Context 1: Population and demographics
- C 1.1 Population
- C 1.1.1 Estimated resident population
- C 1.1.1 Estimated resident population–additional boundries
- C 1.1.2 Population projections
- C 1.1.2 Population projections–Additional boundaries
- C 1.1.3 Internal migration
- C 1.1.4 Overseas arrivals
- C 1.1.4 Overseas arrivals–Additional boundaries
- C 1.1.5 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
- C 1.1.5 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people–Additional boundaries
- C 1.2 Age structure
- C 1.2.1 Age profile
- C 1.2.1 Age profile–Additional boundaries
- C 1.2.2 Proportion of people who are working age
- C 1.2.2 Proportion of people who are working age–Additional boundaries
- C 1.3 Housing
- C 1.3.1 Average household size
- C 1.3.1 Average household size–Additional boundaries
- C 1.3.2 Multi-unit dwellings
- C 1.3.2 Multi-unit dwellings–Additional boundaries
- C 1.3.4 Dwelling approvals
- C 1.3.4 Dwelling approvals–Additional boundaries
- C 1.4 Social characteristics
- C 1.4.1 People who speak a language other than English at home
- C 1.4.1 People who speak a language other than English at home–Additional boundaries
- C 1.4.2 People on selected pensions or allowances
- C 1.4.2 People on selected pensions or allowances–Additional boundaries
- C 1.4.3 Single parent families
- C 1.4.3 Single parent families–Additional boundaries
Transport and infrastructure
- Context 2: Transport and infrastructure
- C 2.1 Moving people
- C 2.1.1 Transport mode for journey to work
- C 2.1.1 Transport mode for journey to work–Additional boundaries
- C 2.1.2 Passengers through airports
- C 2.1.3 Dwellings with no motor vehicle
- C 2.1.3 Dwellings with no motor vehicle–Additional boundaries
- C 2.1.4 Kilometres travelled by passenger vehicles
- C 2.1.5 Network delays due to congestion
- C 2.2 Moving freight
- C 2.2.1 Road freight activity
- C 2.2.2 Volume of freight through ports
- C 2.2.3 Value of international freight through ports
- C 2.3 Communications and utilities
- C 2.3.1 Dwellings with an internet connection
- C 2.3.1 Dwellings with an internet connection–Additional boundaries
- C 2.3.2 Residential water supply
- C 2.4 Land use
- C 2.4.1 Land area and land use
Industry and innovation
- Context 3: Industry and Innovation
- C 3.1 Industry
- C 3.1.1 Top employing industry
- C 3.1.2 Main growth and decline industry
- C 3.1.3 Structural change index
- C 3.2 Business activity
- C 3.2.1 Actively trading businesses
- C 3.2.1 Actively trading businesses–Additional boundaries
- C 3.2.2 Business size
- C 3.2.2 Business size–Additional boundaries
- C 3.3 Innovation
- C 3.3.1 Employment in knowledge-intensive industries
Progress in Australian Regions Yearbook 2017
The Progress in Australian Regions–Yearbook is a statistical resource that measures progress in a region against social, economic, environmental and governance indicators. The Yearbook brings together information about Australia's regions from a range of different sources and presents that data in a consistent format over time.
This fourth edition updates information from previous editions of the Yearbook and is incorporating newly released data from the 2016 Census where appropriate.
Update (July 2018): New Excel files have been added with additional geographic boundaries, where data is available at that scale (Local Government Areas, Statistical Urban Areas, Statistical Areas Level 2, Statistical Areas Level 3). These are additional to the data in the published Yearbook.
Note that data for areas with very small populations should be used with caution, as small numbers can be significantly impacted by random adjustment.
- Progress in Australian Regions Yearbook 2017
- Introduction
- Foreword
- Contents, list of tables, list of figures
Progress indicators
Contextual indicators
Appendices
- Abbreviations and acronyms; Endnotes and definitions; and References
Previous yearbooks
- Progress in Australian Regions–Yearbook 2016
- Progress in Australian Regions–Yearbook 2015
- Progress in Australian Regions–Yearbook 2014
Society
- Progress 1: Society
- P 1.1 Health and wellbeing
- P 1.1.1 Life expectancy at birth
- P 1.1.2 Psychological distress
- P 1.1.3 Suicide rate
- P 1.1.4 Overweight or obese
- P 1.1.5 Physical activity
- P 1.1.6 Smoking rates
- P 1.2 Close relationships
- P 1.2.1 Children developmentally vulnerable due to physical health and wellbeing
- P 1.3 Home
- P 1.3.1 Homelessness
- P 1.3.1 Homelessness–Additional boundaries
- P 1.3.2 Overcrowded conditions
- P 1.3.2 Overcrowded conditions–Additional boundaries
- P 1.3.3 Households that own their own home
- P 1.3.3 Households that own their own home–Additional boundaries
- P 1.3.4 Recognising traditional country
- P 1.4 Safety
- P 1.4.1 Victims of physical assault
- P 1.4.2 Victims of malicious property damage
- P 1.4.3 Road fatalities
- P 1.5 Learning and knowledge
- P 1.5.1 Vocational or higher educational qualifications
- P 1.5.1 Vocational or higher educational qualifications–Additional boundaries
- P 1.5.2 Year 5 and 9 reading standards
- P 1.5.3 Year 5 and 9 numeracy standards
- P 1.6 Community connections
- P 1.6.1 Voluntary work
- P 1.6.1 Voluntary work–Additional boundaries
- P 1.7 Fair opportunity
- P 1.7.1 Disposable household income for low and middle income households
- P 1.8 Enriched lives
- P 1.8.1 Unpaid help
- P 1.8.2 Attendance at cultural venues and events
Economy
- Progress 2: Economy
- P 2.1 Opportunities
- P 2.1.1 Having a qualification or working in a skilled occupation
- P 2.1.1 Having a qualification or working in a skilled occupation–Additional boundaries
- P 2.1.2 Young people earning or learning
- P 2.1.2 Young people earning or learning–Additional boundaries
- P 2.1.3 New business entry rate
- P 2.1.3 New business entry rate–Additional boundaries
- P 2.2 Jobs
- P 2.2.1 Employed persons
- P 2.2.1 Employed persons–Additional boundaries
- P 2.2.2 Unemployment rate
- P 2.2.2 Unemployment rate–Additional boundaries
- P 2.2.3 Youth unemployment rate
- P 2.2.3 Youth unemployment rate–Additional boundaries
- P 2.3 A resilient economy
- P 2.3.1 Proportion of unemployed persons unemployed for 12 months or more
- P 2.3.2 Labour force underutilisation rate
- P 2.3.3 Value of new building approvals
- P 2.4 Enhanced living standards
- P 2.4.1 Real median weekly household income
- P 2.4.2 Real household net worth
- P 2.4.3 Labour force participation
- P 2.4.3 Labour force participation–Additional boundaries
- P 2.5 Fair outcomes
- P 2.5.1 Inequality in household income
- P 2.5.1 Inequality in household income–Additional boundaries
- P 2.6 International economic engagement
- P 2.6.1 International visits to resident ratio
Environment
- Progress 3: Environment
- P 3.1 Healthy natural environment
- P 3.1.1. Air pollution
- P 3.2 Appreciating the environment
- P 3.2.1 Domestic trips involving nature activities
- P 3.3 Protecting the environment
- P 3.3.1 Protected areas of land
- P 3.4 Sustaining the environment
- P 3.4.1 Greenhouse gas emissions from road transport
- P 3.5 Healthy built environments
- P 3.5.1 Average commuting time
- P 3.5.2 Active travel
- P 3.5.2 Active travel–Additional boundaries
- P 3.5.3 Number of solar panel systems
- P 3.5.3 Number of solar panel systems–Additional boundaries
Governance
- Progress 4: Governance
- P 4.1 Trust
- P 4.1.1 Generalised trust
- P 4.1.2 Informal votes
- P 4.2 Participation
- P 4.2.1 Voter turnout
- P 4.2.2 Participation in a civic or political group
- P 4.2.3 Uptake of Australian citizenship
- P 4.2.3 Uptake of Australian citizenship–Additional boundaries
Population and demographics
- Context 1: Population and demographics
- C 1.1 Population
- C 1.1.1 Estimated resident population
- C 1.1.1 Estimated resident population–additional boundries
- C 1.1.2 Population projections
- C 1.1.2 Population projections–Additional boundaries
- C 1.1.3 Internal migration
- C 1.1.4 Overseas arrivals
- C 1.1.4 Overseas arrivals–Additional boundaries
- C 1.1.5 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
- C 1.1.5 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people–Additional boundaries
- C 1.2 Age structure
- C 1.2.1 Age profile
- C 1.2.1 Age profile–Additional boundaries
- C 1.2.2 Proportion of people who are working age
- C 1.2.2 Proportion of people who are working age–Additional boundaries
- C 1.3 Housing
- C 1.3.1 Average household size
- C 1.3.1 Average household size–Additional boundaries
- C 1.3.2 Multi-unit dwellings
- C 1.3.2 Multi-unit dwellings–Additional boundaries
- C 1.3.4 Dwelling approvals
- C 1.3.4 Dwelling approvals–Additional boundaries
- C 1.4 Social characteristics
- C 1.4.1 People who speak a language other than English at home
- C 1.4.1 People who speak a language other than English at home–Additional boundaries
- C 1.4.2 People on selected pensions or allowances
- C 1.4.2 People on selected pensions or allowances–Additional boundaries
- C 1.4.3 Single parent families
- C 1.4.3 Single parent families–Additional boundaries
Transport and infrastructure
- Context 2: Transport and infrastructure
- C 2.1 Moving people
- C 2.1.1 Transport mode for journey to work
- C 2.1.1 Transport mode for journey to work–Additional boundaries
- C 2.1.2 Passengers through airports
- C 2.1.3 Dwellings with no motor vehicle
- C 2.1.3 Dwellings with no motor vehicle–Additional boundaries
- C 2.1.4 Kilometres travelled by passenger vehicles
- C 2.1.5 Network delays due to congestion
- C 2.2 Moving freight
- C 2.2.1 Road freight activity
- C 2.2.2 Volume of freight through ports
- C 2.2.3 Value of international freight through ports
- C 2.3 Communications and utilities
- C 2.3.1 Dwellings with an internet connection
- C 2.3.1 Dwellings with an internet connection–Additional boundaries
- C 2.3.2 Residential water supply
- C 2.4 Land use
- C 2.4.1 Land area and land use
Industry and innovation
- Context 3: Industry and Innovation
- C 3.1 Industry
- C 3.1.1 Top employing industry
- C 3.1.2 Main growth and decline industry
- C 3.1.3 Structural change index
- C 3.2 Business activity
- C 3.2.1 Actively trading businesses
- C 3.2.1 Actively trading businesses–Additional boundaries
- C 3.2.2 Business size
- C 3.2.2 Business size–Additional boundaries
- C 3.3 Innovation
- C 3.3.1 Employment in knowledge-intensive industries
Fuel economy of Australian passenger vehicles—a regional perspective
This information sheet presents Australian data on how realised rates of fuel consumption vary over time, and how the rates depend on key vehicle characteristics such as number of cylinders, fuel type and vehicle age. It also investigates state/territory differences in fuel economy and presents new small area estimates of the average rate of fuel consumption for Australia's regions.
These small area estimates are based on the composition of the passenger vehicle and motorcycle fleet in the region, and are derived at both the Statistical Area Level 3 (SA3) and Statistical Area Level 4 (SA4) scale. The key data sources are the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Survey of Motor Vehicle Use (SMVU) 2016 and the ABS Census of Motor Vehicles 2016.
- Fuel economy of Australian passenger vehicles–a regional perspective
Five facts about commuting in Australia
This Information Sheet covers a wide range of subjects, including volume and length of commuting, traffic congestion and commuting patterns. The following five questions are discussed:
- Is commuting a big part of urban transport demand?
- Is it true that a lot of people are spending hours stuck in traffic?
- What has an Italian physicist got to do with commuting?
- Why do some people commute longer? and
- Are our commuting patterns changing?
- Five facts about commuting in Australia
Traffic and congestion cost trends for Australian capital cities
The avoidable cost of congestion for the Australian capital cities is estimated to be around $16.5 billion for the 2015 financial year, having grown from about $12.8 billion for 2010. BITRE 'business-as-usual' projections of these costs of metropolitan congestion rise to around $30 billion by 2030–with the various modelling scenarios conducted giving aggregate 2030 results of between $27.7 and $37.3 billion, depending upon the chosen assumptions.
- Traffic and congestion cost trends for Australian capital cities
- VKT and Summary Cost Data
Australia's commuting distance: cities and regions
The 2011 average commuting distances reflect recent evidence on commuting from home to a place of work at a range of spatial classifications or localities. The main interest is in understanding the patterns and average commuting distances under current land use and availability of transport infrastructure.
- Australia's commuting distance: cities and regions
Changes in Australia's industry structure: cities and regions, 2006–2011
This Information Sheet identifies recent trends (2006 to 2011) in employment by various industries for regional areas, capital cities and non-capital cities. It updates BITRE's previous Information Sheet 32, which focused on employment changes between 2001 and 2006. The information presented in this publication will assist regional communities (including local government and RDAs) to understand how their regions are changing, and help regions map out where their opportunities and challenges might lie.
- Changes in Australia's industry structure: cities and regions, 2006–2011