The discussion of domestic aviation issues in Australia has historically focused on the passenger market. This reflects the dominance of passenger transport in the operations of the domestic airlines and the relatively small proportion of domestic cargo that is carried by air. Despite this emphasis on passenger operations, the Commonwealth Government has implemented regulations specifically directed at air cargo and the major airlines have evolved separate strategies for cargo traffic in recent years. Cargo is now an important element of Australia's domestic aviation industry and is a significant source of income for several carriers. This Paper presents the findings of a BTE study of the domestic air cargo industry in Australia.

• Domestic Air Cargo Industry in Australia
  
  op_087.pdf
  (5.59 MB)

Decisions on road reconstruction and rehabilitation are based on a combination of engineering, economic, financial and social considerations. Rigorous analysis in support of such decisions is necessarily extremely complex. At an aggregate level, however, it is clear that the possession of an asset (such as a road network) whose components are subject to deterioration and have finite lives imposes a maintenance requirement if the quality and value of the asset is to be preserved.

• Pavement Age and the Future Need for Road Reconstruction
  
  op_089.pdf
  (4.65 MB)

This Paper provides information about recent changes in the regulatory approach to the railway industry in Canada and about the approach taken by Australian governments. The Paper also provides specific information on the components of shipper-carrier contracts, detailing their form and the range of factors a shipper would need to consider when negotiating such an agreement. Case studies illustrate the range of purposes these contracts may serve and the variety of approaches available to the solution of a rail transport problem.

• Railway Legislation and Rate Contracts in Canada and Australia
  
  ip_028.pdf
  (10.78 MB)

This Paper examines the structure and operation of the harbour towage industry in Australia. The results of previous studies are outlined and the characteristics of harbour towage operations are described. Participants affecting the operation of the industry are port authorities, pilots, towage operators, tug crews, shipping lines, shipping agents and shippers.

• Harbour Towage Services in Australian Ports
  
  ip_027.pdf
  (3.64 MB)

In this study the waterfront is defined as consisting of various service establishments involved in the handling of cargo at Australian ports. These include port-related services provided by port authorities, pilotage services, tugboat operations, all stevedoring services and container terminal operations, bulk terminals, customs agency services and the services of the customs and quarantine authorities. The definition also covers bulk storage and container depots even though these operations may occur away from the actual waterfront.

• Economic Significance of the Waterfront
  
  ip_029.pdf
  (4.2 MB)

Efficient road pricing is required both to generate funds which may be used for roadworks and to ration the use of what is an expensive asset. The important elements of road pricing theory are outlined and these indicate that both the structure and level of charge are important in rationalising road use and optimising the role of road transport in our modern economy.

• Review of Road Cost Recovery
  
  op_090.pdf
  (14.21 MB)

The cost of road accidents is an important and controversial issue. However, it is difficult to derive an acceptable measure of these costs, and it has been some years since an attempt has been made to quantify these costs to Australia. This Paper presents a discussion of the methodologies used to produce estimates of the cost of road accidents (or the value of reducing their number), focusing on the major issues of contention, and provides estimates for Australia for the year 1985.

• Cost of Road Accidents in Australia
  
  op_091.pdf
  (7.4 MB)

During the last decade, the major railway systems around the world have undergone a fundamental reappraisal of their place in the economy in general, and their transport purpose, in particular. This Paper examines the railway systems of eight countries, including Australia, to see how they responded to a changing competitive environment, focusing on institutional and organisational restructuring that had taken place to revitalise them and to improve their performance.

• A Comparison of Overseas Railway Systems: Their Policy Trends and Performance
  
  ip_030.pdf
  (4.13 MB)

This supplementary Information Paper details the social costs of road crashes in Australia for 1988. Estimates of the social cost of road crashes, reflects not only on the costs borne by crash victims, but also those costs imposed on the wider community.

• Costs of Road Crashes in Australia–1988: Supplementary Information
  
  is_002.pdf
  (202.54 KB)

The Paper presents an analysis of the changes in the size and distribution of the world fleet over the period 1970 to 1987. A comparison of the world fleet and bulk ships visiting Australia in 1985–86 is also presented. Also included is a forecast of the future size and distribution of the world fleet under a range of assumptions. Australia's export of major bulk commodities in terms of volume (coal, iron ore and grains) is dependent on the services provided by the world dry bulk fleet. This Paper provides an analysis of the supply characteristics of these ships.

• Characteristics and Cost Structure of the Bulk Shipping Fleet
  
  op_093.pdf
  (12.84 MB)