This Working Paper examines past trends in the fuel efficiency of ships and aircraft, and looks at technical developments and economic factors which could yield further improvements. The period to 2005 has received attention because of the Australian Government's 1990 decision to adopt the Toronto target, as an interim planning measure. This target involved a reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol to 20 per cent below 1988 levels, by 2005.

• Fuel Efficiency of Ships and Aircraft
  
  wp_004.pdf
  (9.93 MB)

Ports have been a major focus of the Australian Government's reform program. The Waterfront Industry Reform Authority was responsible for reform of the stevedoring industry, completing its work in October 1992.

• Port Interface Cost Index
  
  report_084.pdf
  (2.91 MB)

Although it is widely known that the risk of failure is high in old ships, old bulk ships continue to be used. One reason is that until mid 1992 it was financially viable to maintain an old ship in service rather than dispose of it for demolition. Even though after mid 1992 it did not pay to keep an old ship in service, it was even less attractive to purchase a new ship.

The BTCE's statistical analysis of voyage data identified ship age, flag state, commodity carried and voyage route as important factors influencing the risk of failure. Using this information, the BTCE has developed a technique for predicting the risk of failure of individual ships.

• Structural Failure of Large Bulk Ships
  
  report_085.pdf
  (5.18 MB)

Waterline issues 1–25

Note: large file.

• Waterline Issues 1–25
  
  water_001-025.pdf
  (10.44 MB)

This Working Paper is the third in a series of Working Papers which disseminates the results of a large research project into the adequacy of Australia's transport infrastructure over the next 20 years. The assessment covers all four modes of transport–road, rail, air and sea–with the primary focus on freight.

• Adequacy of Transport Infrastructure: Seaports
  
  wp_014-3.pdf
  (4.54 MB)

The Bureau study examines the great changes which have been implemented in the stevedoring workforce and in its employment arrangements, the improvements which have occurred in the productivity and reliability of stevedoring services, and estimates the dollar value of the benefits which have been passed to the various categories of users of waterfront services.

• Review of the Waterfront Industry Reform Program
  
  report_091.pdf
  (824.39 KB)

BTCE (1992) Social cost of transport accidents in Australia, Report 79, p. 52, estimated the total cost of rail accidents in 1988 as $94.5 million (in 1988 dollars). The Information Sheet table provides updated estimates, including comparable figures for 1988 and 1993 that are expressed in 1993 dollars.

• Costs of maritime accidents in Australia–1993
  
  is_008.pdf
  (1.32 MB)

This issue of Waterline includes the regular articles on stevedoring performance, port interface costs and port performance. A feature article provides an overview of the non-containerised general cargo sector.

• Waterline No 8
  
  water_008.pdf
  (422.46 KB)

This report examines the appropriateness of established rates of assistance for the shipping of cargo to and from Tasmania and proposes rate amendments for different commodities and different units for the shipment of those commodities. It was undertaken by BTCE as a preliminary analysis to assist the Tasmanian Freight Equalisation Scheme Review Authority to undertake a more thorough examination of these issues at the request of the Minister for Transport and Regional Development.

This issue of Waterline includes our regular article on stevedoring performance. The feature articles cover waterfront reliability, crew to berth ratios in Australian shipping and port charging.

• Waterline No 9
  
  water_009.pdf
  (420.65 KB)