Urban air quality management is concerned with comparing two kinds of costs: those arising out of increased levels of air pollution and those involved in implementing an abatement program. This report is concerned with these latter costs insofar as it investigates the relationship between regulatory instruments (ADR27A for example) and their practical effects on emission generation by Australian cars.

• Vehicle Driving Patterns and Measurement Methods for Energy and Emissions Assessment
  
  op_030.pdf
  (5.27 MB)

This Paper presents a summary of preliminary statistics obtained from the fourth quarter of the National Travel Survey (NTS). The results cover travel during the months of April, May and June 1978. These statistics are preliminary in the sense that they represent the results of an analysis of only the postal survey results. No corrections for sample bias and so on have been made at this stage. The results from a supplementary household interview survey conducted in parallel with the NTS will be used to adjust the postal survey results. This adjustment will take place at the conclusion of the twelve-month NTS survey period.

• National Travel Survey 1977–78: Preliminary Statistical Summary June Quarter
  
  op_031.pdf
  (14.09 MB)

This paper presents estimates of the concentration of ownership and the geographic distribution of the Australian trucking fleet.

• Some Characteristics of Truck Ownership in Australia
  
  op_040.pdf
  (4.62 MB)

From July 1977 to June 1978, the Bureau of Transport Economics (BTE) conducted the National Travel Survey (NTS). This was a major survey of nonurban travel in Australia. This Paper discusses the sources of bias and errors in the NTS data and presents a method of adjusting the statistical results for non-response bias. The general design of the NTS is evaluated in the light of the practical experience gained from its operation. Finally, the Paper presents a range of tabulations summarising some of the more important and interesting results derived from the NTS data. These results have been adjusted for statistical non-response bias and have been calculated to apply to the population.

• National Travel Survey 1977–78: Statistical Adjustments and Final Results
  
  op_042.pdf
  (6.33 MB)

The present work builds on that published previously (BTE Occasional Paper 6, Photochemical Pollution in Australian Airsheds) to develop a discussion of the basic principles and specific measures appropriate to the improvement of urban air quality.

• A Guide to the Control of Photochemical Pollution
  
  op_041.pdf
  (7.24 MB)

The desirability of de-regulating road freight has long been a subject of discussion and action by governments in Australia. A recent visit to the United Kingdom by Dr K.W. Ogden provided an opportunity for a brief study of the impact of de-regulation of road freight in Britain. The paper examines the effect of the regulations currently in force in Britain and also examines several aspects of road freight regulation in Britain which may be relevant to freight policy in Australia.

• Review of Road Freight Regulation in Britain
  
  op_043.pdf
  (4.59 MB)

A thesis that no longer provokes comment is that domestic fuel supplies are likely to be curtailed suddenly and without warning. An idea less well established, but one that has widespread intuitive appeal, is that non-price rationing can claim to efficiently allocate resources. This idea arises out of the notion that during unexpected fuel shortages, the ability of individuals and firms to adjust might not be related to their contribution to the community's well being.

• Economic Analysis of Non-Price Rationing With Particular Reference to Petrol
  
  op_044.pdf
  (4.35 MB)

The work reported in this paper has been undertaken because of a concern for a general tendency in the transport community to make sweeping statements about the desirability of diverting traffic from one mode to another in order to save fuel. Such pronouncements can be misleading when applied to any particular case, so a need exists to establish the proper basis for examining and comparing the energy performance of alternative modes of transport.

• Freight Transport Energy Consumption: A Comparison Between the Efficiency of the Modes in the Non-Bulk Task
  
  op_045.pdf
  (4.33 MB)

The emphasis in this paper is on the development of a suitable conceptual and operational framework within which a policy-sensitive empirical travel choice model could be estimated. Functional Measurement and Discrete Choice Theory provide the theoretical base from which models of individuals' choices can be derived. The aim of this paper is to outline a method which is capable of identifying international air fare structures to various destinations that accord with the likely choices of individuals (both current and potential travellers). The information obtained will permit the determination of a reduced-set of feasible air fare structures which represent a compromise with the full range of possible alternatives. Particular emphasis is given to identifying the variation in frequency of choice of international air travel to various destinations as a result of changes in air fare structures.

• Demand for International Air Travel: a Conceptual and Operational Framework
  
  op_046.pdf
  (2.55 MB)

Company cars account for more than a third of new car sales in Australia. Since company cars seem generally larger and less fuel-efficient than average and since they appear to travel greater distances and are replaced more frequently, it seems useful to examine the effectiveness of policies that might have potential fuel conservation effects.

• Energy Policies and Company Cars: An Application of Experimental Design Methods in Economic Research
  
  op_047.pdf
  (9.35 MB)