This Paper briefly describes the LAND computer package and outlines studies to verify and apply it. The LAND computer package is an educational tool. It aims to replicate the land use/transport/environment interaction so as to allow the investigation of the long-term impacts of transport and land use policy on the environment. The model is based on a series of discrete steps. These steps relate to natural changes in population, migration of people within the city, movement of employment, creation of transport demand and assignment of this demand to the transport system. The environmental outputs are based on the traffic flows. Exogenous inputs into the model are the supply of urban infrastructure (housing and transport), increase in employment and in- or outmigration.

• Modelling the Land Use–Transport–Environment Interaction
  
  op_107.pdf
  (5.8 MB)

The Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics (BTCE) has provided a comprehensive analysis of the range of possible measures for reducing greenhouse gases in the transport sector. The objective of the papers from the BTCE's greenhouse gas project is to: provide information on the work being undertaken by the BTCE; and expose the BTCE's analysis to comment by others.

• Costs of Reducing Greenhouse Gases in Australian Transport
  
  wp_010.pdf
  (4.15 MB)

Working Paper 10 outlines the BTCE's proposed methodology for analysing measures to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. The objective of the project is to identify least-cost combinations of policy instruments in the freight (including pipelines), urban passenger, non-urban passenger and international (bunkers) segments of the transport sector.

• Greenhouse Gas Emissions and the Demand for Urban Passenger Transport: Design of the Overall Approach
  
  op_108.pdf
  (10.38 MB)

This Paper reviews the physical characteristics of alternative fuels, technical and economic aspects of production of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles, environmental, safety and health issues associated with alternative fuel use, factors influencing market acceptance, and policy issues. The emphasis is on the extent of environmental benefits which might result from alternative fuel and the costs involved in making these fuels available. The discussion covers reformulated gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, methanol, vegetable oils, natural gas, electric vehicles and hydrogen.

• Alternative Fuels in Australian Transport
  
  ip_039.pdf
  (26.54 MB)

This Working Paper is an intermediate output in a research project being conducted by BTCE. The project team examines the adequacy of conventional methods for estimating economic benefits from transport and communications infrastructure investment.

• Evaluating Transport Investments With National Economic Models: Australian Experience With ORANI
  
  wp_013.pdf
  (2.9 MB)

This Paper has been produced to inform debate on an issue of growing significance in the aviation industry. The increasing incidence of code sharing between airlines has met with a mixed reception within the industry and government circles. It has been criticised as a form of consumer deception; it has been seen as a force both for and against competitive markets and improved service quality; and it has been pursued by airlines as a service and profit maximising strategy.

• Code Sharing in International Aviation: a Discussion Paper
  
  wp_021.pdf
  (3.66 MB)

Despite popular interest in the contribution of transport to emissions of greenhouse gases, little comprehensive information has been published to date on the costs and effectiveness of the various abatement measures espoused.

• Transport and Greenhouse: Costs and Options for Reducing Emissions
  
  report_094.pdf
  (7.46 MB)

The aim of this Working Paper is to estimate the cost of reducing greenhouse emissions by using a sink rather than by reducing the amount of travel or fuel usage. Because the sink can also be applied to other sectors of the economy, it provides a standard of comparison for most policy instruments.

• Trees and Greenhouse: Costs of Sequestering Australian Transport Emissions
  
  wp_023.pdf
  (4.72 MB)

This report examines the state of General Aviation (GA) flying in Australia. It is primarily based on a Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics survey of GA undertaken in 1994, which provided a snapshot of the industry for financial year 1992–93. Key areas examined include: the composition of the GA flying industry; flying activity; industry conduct; financial structure and performance; and industry views and perceptions.

• General Aviation Flying in Australia
  
  report_095.pdf
  (16.21 MB)

Externalities in the Transport Sector: Key Issues is the first part in a series of Information Sheets that will provide estimates of the costs of externalities generated by road, rail, air and sea transport.

• Externalities in the Transport Sector
  
  is_010.pdf
  (1.52 MB)