The study focuses on the current major transport fuels, which in 1988–89 accounted for 93 per cent of Australia's transport sector energy consumption: petrol (leaded and unleaded), automotive diesel oil, fuel oil and aviation turbine fuel. Major demand forecasts examined include those of the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics, the National Institute of Economic and Industry Research and the Australian Institute of Petroleum, based on forecasts by oil companies, to the year 2000. From an examination of these forecasts and derived own-price elasticities, the study concludes that only relatively large increases in fuel prices are likely to produce anything more than non-marginal reductions in the levels of fuel demand.

• Demand Forecasts and Demand Elasticities for Australian Transport Fuel
  
  op_103.pdf
  (4.84 MB)

This Paper briefly describes the LAND computer package and outlines studies to verify and apply it. The LAND computer package is an educational tool. It aims to replicate the land use/transport/environment interaction so as to allow the investigation of the long-term impacts of transport and land use policy on the environment. The model is based on a series of discrete steps. These steps relate to natural changes in population, migration of people within the city, movement of employment, creation of transport demand and assignment of this demand to the transport system. The environmental outputs are based on the traffic flows. Exogenous inputs into the model are the supply of urban infrastructure (housing and transport), increase in employment and in- or outmigration.

• Modelling the Land Use–Transport–Environment Interaction
  
  op_107.pdf
  (5.8 MB)

While a great deal has been written on the theory and application of optimal road price and investment policy, relatively little attention has been given to the subject of roads policy in practice. This monograph's main concern is the latter line of inquiry, focusing attention on the complex of political, legal, economic and institutional factors which have shaped Commonwealth and State government roads policy in Australia since the 1920s through to the 1980s.

• Roads Policy and Australian Federalism
  
  op_106.pdf
  (13.89 MB)

Working Paper 10 outlines the BTCE's proposed methodology for analysing measures to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. The objective of the project is to identify least-cost combinations of policy instruments in the freight (including pipelines), urban passenger, non-urban passenger and international (bunkers) segments of the transport sector.

• Greenhouse Gas Emissions and the Demand for Urban Passenger Transport: Design of the Overall Approach
  
  op_108.pdf
  (10.38 MB)

Comparable figures are provided for the first time on emissions of greenhouse gases from the Australian transport sector in 1900 and 2000. Greenhouse emissions from the transport sector increased ten-fold twentieth century, but Australia's population has increased five-fold, and real GDP 23 times, while urban densities are now only about one third of those in 1900. Within the limits of long-term historical comparisons, it is concluded that use of the internal combustion engine itself has not contributed disproportionately to greenhouse emissions in the transport sector. However, electric vehicles would have been better. This paper was authored by Dr Leo Dobes.

• Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Australian Transport 1900 and 2000
  
  op_110.pdf
  (7.06 MB)

A collection of contributions by leading Australians in the field, this publication presents a range of perspectives on domestic and international trading of greenhouse emissions. It contains a high-level view of Article 17 of the Kyoto Protocol and associated negotiations, and explains current Australian programs and policies with respect to reducing greenhouse emissions and generating carbon sinks. This paper was authored by Dr Leo Dobes.

• Trading Greenhouse Emissions: Some Australian Perspectives
  
  op_115.pdf
  (18.53 MB)