Transport Energy and Environment

Chapter 9

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This chapter provides information on the Australian measures of transport energy and the environment. Data is sourced from industry participants, the Australia Petroleum Statistics, the Australian Energy Statistics, the Department of Environment, Energy, Climate Change and Water and BITRE’s own estimates.

  • Road vehicles made up 84 per cent of full fuel cycle greenhouse gas emissions from all domestic transport modes in 2024-25, compared to 10 per cent from aviation.
  • In 2024-25, domestic road vehicle full fuel cycle greenhouse gas emissions estimates (carbon dioxide equivalent) reached a record high level of 108 megatonnes of CO2 equivalent.
  • The national average price for petrol was 181 cents per litre in the 2024-25 financial year.
  • In 2024-25, there was an estimated 59.2 billion litres of transport petroleum sold in Australia.

This chapter provides information on the Australian measures of transport energy and the environment. The methodology for this year’s estimates has been updated to incorporate new data sources and respond to changes in data availability and quality.

Figure 17 shows the full fuel cycle greenhouse gas emissions in megatonnes of CO2 equivalent. Transport emissions in Australia have risen steadily since 1974-75, except over the COVID-19 pandemic period, which saw them dip temporarily for road vehicles and domestic aviation. Transport emissions rose again in 2024-25, but at a slower rate than previous years post-pandemic.

Figure 17 Transport full fuel cycle greenhouse gas emissions

Figure 17 Transport full fuel cycle greenhouse gas emissions

Source: BITRE estimates

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