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| Cost of road crashes in Australia 2006 - Report 118 | February 2010 |
Road crashes impose large human and financial costs on society and substantial investments are made in infrastructure and safety programs to reduce road trauma. The cost of road crashes is important to the safety debate in Australia, and the unit values particularly for a fatality, injury or cost of a fatal crash are key inputs into policy development and cost-benefit analysis for safety programs and infrastructure projects.
This publication will incur a charge of $40.00, which includes postage and handling. |
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| Information Sheet 30: Fuel Consumption by New Passenger Vehicles in Australia 1979-2008 | August 2009 |
| BITRE has examined trends in the fuel consumption of new passenger vehicles sold in Australia. Up to 2001, technological advances in engine technology, which improved fuel efficiency, were offset by increases in power, weight and the popularity of 4WD vehicles. Since 2001 the overall trend in fuel consumption has continued to decrease with average new light vehicle fuel consumption down 8.4 per cent to 8.14 litres per 100 kilometres (L/100 km). |
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| Information sheet 34 - Road and rail freight: competitors or complements? | July 2009 |
Up until the early 1960s, railways dominated all but the shortest land-based freight task. Since then, vast improvements in road vehicle productivity and road infrastructure quality, the gradual removal of regulations restricting road freight carriage and the exponential growth in interstate trade has broadened the range of freight tasks for which road is better suited than rail.
Yet both road and rail and also sea and air continue to play important roles in transporting Australia's diverse freight task. Each mode has attributes that render them more suitable, and generally less costly, for particular transport tasks. For example, the flexibility of road transport for urban goods distribution is unassailable; equally, the scale economies of rail over longer distances and for bulk commodities advantage it, over road, for these tasks. |
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| Working paper 74 - Moving urban Australia: can congestion charging unclog our roads? | October 2008 |
| This report reviews the case for congestion charging and provides a policy framework for assessing charging systems. At this time, congestion charging schemes are still in their infancy and evolving in concert with changing policy priorities and system technologies. While individual circumstances determine when and where congestion charging is in the interest of the wider community, some important general lessons can be drawn. |
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| How do fuel use and emissions respond to price changes? Briefing - 1 | August 2008 |
| The first in a new series of BITRE publications, this briefing reviews the responses that have been seen in Australian transport to recent fuel price rises (vehicle sales moving to smaller, more fuel efficient cars, more urban public transport, etc). The responsiveness of the various transport sectors is reviewed, as is the responsiveness of Australia relative to the United States. |
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| Working Paper 70.2 - Ex-post economic evaluation of National Highway projects, Case Study 2: Northam Bypass | August 2007 |
| BTRE's ex-post road investments evaluation project involves systematically reviewing after the fact the projected costs and benefits of major investments. The project complements the recent implementation by jurisdictions of the ATC-endorsed National Guidelines for Transport System Management in Australia. In particular, the project is intended to benefit both future project appraisal and future ex-post evaluation under AusLink and more generally. This analysis was one of the case studies undertaken for the BTRE ex-post road investments evaluation project. The case study provided an example of how to undertake an evaluation of a bypass project involving an improved treatment of delay effects at intersections using the Main Roads Western Australia's WARES evaluation software. |
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| Working Paper 70.1 - Ex-post economic evaluation of National Highway projects, Case Study 1: Wallaville Bridge | June 2007 |
| This analysis is the first in a series of case studies undertaken for the BTRE ex-post road investments evaluation project. The project complements the recent implementation by juristictions of the Australian Transport Council endorsed National Guidelines for Transport System Management in Australia. In particular the project is intended to benefit both future project appraisal and future ex-post evaluation under Auslink and more generally. |
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| Information Sheet 23 - Public Road-Related Expenditure and Revenue in Australia (2004 update) | October 2004 |
| The total amount of road-related expenditure by the Australian, State, Territory and Local Governments in 2001-02 was $7.6 billion. Between 1998-99 and 2001-02 road-related expenditure increased by an average of $99.4 million per year. Over this period Commonwealth and State government road-related expenditure increased while Local government road-related expenditure decreased |
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| Working Paper 57 - Land Transport Infrastructure Pricing: An Introduction | June 2003 |
| At the Australian Logistics Council (ALC) meeting on 7 November 2002, the Council asked BTRE to provide a comparative analysis of current land transport pricing regimes and their objectives and to present the findings at the next Council meeting, held on 27 February 2003. This working paper comprises the paper prepared for the ALC and already released by the ALC as a discussion paper. |
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| Working Paper 56 - State Spending on Roads | June 2003 |
| Over the last few years, the Commonwealth has devoted considerable resources to the task of helping local government authorities maintain and upgrade their road systems. The major initiative was an extra $1.2 billion in road funding paid directly to councils through the Roads to Recovery programme but federal authorities have also been directed to work with their local government counterparts to improve road policies and practices. |
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| Working Paper 54 - Regional Public Transport in Australia: Economic Regulation and Assistance Measures | April 2003 |
Regional public transport plays an important role in meeting the needs of Australians living in regional and remote areas for access to essential services and for mobility. This paper provides information on Commonwealth, State and Territory government regulatory arrangements and assistance measures relating to regional public transport in 2001-02.
A companion paper, Regional public transport in Australia: Long-distance services, trends and projections (Working Paper 51), provides information on long-distance regional public transport services in Australia, and includes a snapshot of all such services across Australia in 2000-01 and the level of demand and characteristics of regional passenger travel. |
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| Working Paper 51 - Regional Public Transport In Australia: Long-Distance Services, Trends And Projections | March 2003 |
| Regional public transport plays an important role in meeting the needs of Australians living in regional and remote areas for access to essential services and for mobility. This paper provides information on long-distance regional public transport services in Australia, and includes a snapshot of all such services across Australia in 2000-01 and the level of demand and characteristics of regional passenger travel in 1999-2000. The report also provides projections of likely future long-term trends in regional passenger travel. A companion paper, Regional public transport in Australia: Economic regulation and assistance measures (Working Paper 54), provides information on the regulatory arrangements and assistance measures relating to regional public transport. |
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| Working Paper 53 - Improving Transport on the Warringah Peninsula: Issues And Options | January 2003 |
| Warringah is an established area of Sydney with more limited transport options than are available to residents of other areas of the city. In this study BTRE has sought to analyse the key transport issues and to identify potential improvement options in the context of these issues. The study does not provide definitive analysis of any option. |
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| Information Sheet 18 - Fuel Consumption by New Passenger Vehicles in Australia | September 2002 |
| BTRE has examined trends in the fuel consumption of new passenger vehicles. The overall trend in fuel consumption was down during the 1980s. However during the 1990s, a more gradual reduction in the fuel consumption of cars, coupled with increasing sales of 4-wheel-drive vehicles, saw fuel consumption for new passenger vehicles as a whole stabilise. |
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| Report 104: The Black Spot Program 1996-2002: An Evaluation of the First Three Years | July 2001 |
| The Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics (BTCE) Report 90 Evaluation of the Black Spot Program published in 1995 evaluated the program that operated from 1990-91 to 1992-93 inclusive. The study found that the Program delivered benefits of four dollars for each dollar of expenditure. As remaining black spots are treated, periodic evaluation is necessary to assist governments to determine if treatment benefits continue to justify the costs. |
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| Working Paper 44 - Spending on Local Roads | February 2001 |
| Local roads are considered by regional communities to be a major contributor to their prosperity and social amenity. This report presents the first detailed picture of local road spending at the regional level. |
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| Report 102: Road Crash Costs in Australia | May 2000 |
| This report builds on the methodology of an earlier BTE report titled Cost of Civil Aviation Accidents and Incidents and is the third BTE report on road crash costs. |
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| Working Paper 40 - Competitive Neutrality Between Road and Rail | September 1999 |
| If the Commonwealth Government's new tax system (ANTS), and associated legislation such as the Diesel and Alternative Fuels Grants Scheme Bill 1999, had been in place in 1998-99, average input costs for interstate non-bulk rail and interstate non-bulk road would have been 8 per cent and 15 per cent lower, respectively, than actual average input costs in 1998-99. |
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| Information Sheet 14 - Urban Transport: Looking Ahead | August 1999 |
| Australian cities have been transformed from fairly tightly knit core-and-spoke configurations, to sprawling suburban low-density configurations. This transformation of urban land use has been accompanied and made possible by a rapid improvement and spread of the road system, and an even more rapid expansion in per person car ownership. |
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| Working Paper 38 - Forecasting Light Vehicle Traffic | October 1998 |
| The Bureau of Transport Economics has developed and applied methods for forecasting light vehicle traffic on the nation's roads. This paper describes the methods and provides estimates and projections of light vehicle traffic within major Australian cities and on Australia's principal non-urban highways. |
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| Working Paper 35 - Roads 2020 | October 1997 |
| Using the Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics' Road Infrastructure Assessment Model (RIAM), the Roads 2020 study makes forecasts at a strategic level of expenditure needs for investment and maintenance between 1998 and 2005 and between 2005 and 2020. |
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| Working Paper 32 - Roads, Vehicle Performance and Greenhouse: Costs and Emission Benefits of Smoother Highways | May 1997 |
| Previous BTCE work (Report 94) has established that reductions in pavement roughness reduce fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions (end-use only) and vehicle operating costs. This Paper evaluates the effects on greenhouse gas emissions and vehicle operating costs of reducing the roughness of the National Highway System and the Pacific Highway over the period 1996-2015. The analysis takes account of the emissions involved in the production, transport and application of road rehabilitation materials. Some results of case studies of recently completed highway rehabilitation projects are included in the Paper. |
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| Working Paper 29 - Employment Effects of Road Construction | December 1996 |
| The Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics (BTCE) is examining a number of issues in measuring the benefits of transport infrastructure investment. The issue examined in this paper is how to estimate the employment effects of road construction activity. Other papers from the same project have examined regional development effects, and certain tools for evaluating benefits. |
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| Report 92: Traffic Congestion and Road User Charges in Australian Capital Cities | March 1996 |
| Urban travel behaviour is very complex. Analysts have tried to capture its main features in models that provide estimates of the levels and patterns of traffic on the urban road network. While the models are correspondingly complex, they are still radical simplifications of real urban systems. Their treatment of some aspects of travel behaviour can only be described as rudimentary. Nevertheless, they represent the state of the art in quantitative urban transport analysis, and they provide a valuable framework for thinking about urban policy issues. |
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| Working Paper 15 - Urban Congestion: Modelling Traffic Patterns, Delays and Optimal Tolls | May 1995 |
| This Paper provides an account of preliminary work on urban traffic congestion that forms part of the BTCE project on Urban Transport Externalities. The project is concerned with a range of external impacts of urban transport. Congestion is just one of these impacts but, because it is so intimately related to the traffic patterns which give rise to the others, it has been made the focus of the initial work. |
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| Report 90: Evaluation of the Black Spot Program | May 1995 |
| This study evaluates the economic benefits of the Federal Governmentís Black Spot Program. The study assesses the crash reduction benefits of a variety of road engineering treatments based on a sample of 254 projects drawn from all States and Territories. |
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| Report 88: Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Australian Transport: Long Term Projections | March 1995 |
| This Report provides a 'business as usual' scenario for the emission of greenhouse gases from the Australian transport sector for the period 1993-94 to 2014-15. Models for emissions from cars, trucks, rail, sea and air transport reflect sectoral activity, fuel intensity and emission intensity factors. The models indicate that emissions from the Australian car fleet over the next two decades will decline while emissions from trucks and aircraft are likely to grow quite strongly. Background information and historical data series are also provided. |
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| Working Paper 14.5 - Adequacy of Transport Infrastructure: Urban Roads | January 1995 |
| This Working Paper is the fifth in a series of Working Papers which disseminates the results of a large research project into the adequacy of Australia's transport infrastructure over the next 20 years. The assessment covers all four modes of transport - road, rail, air and sea - with the primary focus on freight. |
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| Working Paper 14.1 - Adequacy of Transport Infrastructure: Intercity Roads | December 1994 |
| This Working Paper is the first in a series of Working Papers which disseminates the results of a large research project into the adequacy of Australia's transport infrastructure over the next 20 years. The assessment covers all four modes of transport - road, rail, air and sea - with the primary focus on freight. |
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| Working Paper 9 - Cost - Effectiveness of 'Black Spot' Treatments : A Pilot Study | October 1993 |
| This Paper presents the results of an evaluation of 5 1 'Black Spot' projects funded by the Australian Government, 26 in Victoria and 25 in New South Wales. The evaluation was based on the record of accidents before and after approved treatments were put in place. In order to isolate actual treatment effects, adjustments were made to take account of the major recent decline in accidents in suitable control areas. |
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| Occasional Paper 106 - Roads Policy and Australian Federalism | October 1993 |
| While a great deal has been written on the theory and application of optimal road price and investment policy, relatively little attention has been given to the subject of roads policy in practice. This monographís main concern is the latter line of inquiry, focusing attention on the complex of political, legal, economic and institutional factors which have shaped Commonwealth and State government roads policy in Australia since the 1920s through to the 1980s. |
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| Information Paper 38 - The Road Freight Transport Industry | March 1993 |
| Data and information on the road freight transport industry is in limited supply. In order to reduce this problem, the Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics undertook this overview of the road freight transport industry. The industry is shown to be carrying an increasing proportion of total freight movements in Australia, with strong competition evident throughout all sectors of the industry. |
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| Report 79: Social Cost of Transport Accidents in Australia | July 1992 |
| This study has refined the methodology and expanded the scope of a previous Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics study on the cost of road accidents in Australia. The human capital approach has been used in this study to estimate the social cost of road, rail, aviation and maritime accidents in Australia in 1988. |
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| Report 78: Road Transport Reforms - Implications for Rural and Remote Areas | July 1992 |
Concerns have been expressed that the introduction of a national system of road user charging for heavy vehicles could adversely affect transport operators, consumers and producers in rural and remote areas of Australia. This joint Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics/Australian
Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics project estimates the impacts of changes to road user charges on vehicle operating costs and on selected industries in rural and remote Australia. The analysis indicates a diversity of impacts to be expected from any given change to current road user charges. |
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| Report 76: Relative Efficiencies in the Transportation of Commodities | January 1992 |
| This Report assesses the relative efficiencies of road and rail in the transportation of several bulk commodities. The work explores potential constraints to the efficient transportation of bulk commodities, including the pricing systems applied by road and rail operators. |
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| Report 74: Transport and Regional Economic Development | January 1992 |
This Report describes a case study of capacity of regional transport infrastructure to meet current and future demands of industry. The selected region is comprised largely of the Australian Bureau of Statistics statistical divisions of the South East division of South Australia and the South Western
division of Victoria. The region is an important corridor for the transport needs of other regions. The region's transport infrastructure inlcudes a port, road and rail networks, and airports. |
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| Working Paper 1 - Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Australian Transport | May 1991 |
| The Paper details emissions from various segments of the transport sector, discusses the magnitude of the task involved in reducing transport emissions, and examines the potential for reducing them by alternative means. These include fuel economy improvements, use of alternative fuels, transport system improvements including modal shift, and reductions in discretionary travel. |
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| Occasional paper 103 - Demand Forecasts and Demand Elasticities for Australian Transport Fuel | February 1991 |
| The study focuses on the current major transport fuels, which in 1988-89 accounted for 93 per cent of Australia's transport sector energy consumption: petrol (leaded and unleaded), automotive diesel oil, fuel oil and aviation turbine fuel. Major demand forecasts examined include those of the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics, the National Institute of Economic and Industry Research and the Australian Institute of Petroleum, based on forecasts by oil companies, to the year 2000. From an examination of these forecasts and derived own-price elasticities, the study concludes that only relatively large increases in fuel prices are likely to produce anything more than non-marginal reductionsin the levels of fuel demand. |
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| Occasional Paper 91 - Cost of Road Accidents in Australia | September 1988 |
| The cost of road accidents is an important and controversial issue. However, it is difficult to derive an acceptable measure of these costs, and it has been some years since an attempt has been made to quantify these costs to Australia. This Paper presents a discussion of the methodologies used to produce estimates of the cost of road accidents (or the value of reducing their number), focusing on the major issues of contention, and provides estimates for Australia for the year 1985. |
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| Occasional Paper 90 - Review of Road Cost Recovery | September 1988 |
| Efficient road pricing is required both to generate funds which may be used for roadworks and to ration the use of what is an expensive asset. The important elements of road pricing theory are outlined and these indicate that both the structure and level of charge are important in rationalising road use and optimising the role of road transport in our modern economy. |
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| Occasional Paper 89 - Pavement Age and the Future Need for Road Reconstruction | February 1988 |
| Decisions on road reconstruction and rehabilitation are based on a combination of engineering, economic, financial and social considerations. Rigorous analysis in support of such decisions is necessarily extremely complex. At an aggregate level, however, it is clear that the possession of an asset (such as a road network) whose components are subject to deterioration and have finite lives imposes a maintenance requirement if the quality and value of the asset is to be preserved. |
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| Occasional Paper 87 - Domestic Air Cargo Industry in Australia | February 1988 |
| The discussion of domestic aviation issues in Australia has historically focused on the passenger market. This reflects the dominance of passenger transport in the operations of the domestic airlines and the relatively small proportion of domestic cargo that is carried by air. Despite this emphasis on passenger operations, the Commonwealth Government has implemented regulations specifically directed at air cargo and the major airlines have evolved separate strategies for cargo traffic in recent years. Cargo is now an important element of Australia's domestic aviation industry and is a significant source of income for several carriers. This Paper presents the findings of a BTE study of the domestic air cargo industry in Australia. |
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| Occasional Paper 86 - Australian Car Rental Industry Study | January 1988 |
| The car rental industry in Australia has experienced strong growth in turnover during the past decade and a correspondingly high degree of price and service competition. Industry turnover has increased from $25 million in 1975 to in excess of $200 million in 1986, with the four national operators accounting for an estimated 80 to 85 per cent of industry turnover. The study indicates that greater operator access to Commonwealth airports since 1979 has been beneficial for consumers, operators and government airport concession revenue, alike. |
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| Information Paper 23 - BTE Road Construction Price Indexes: 1976-77 to 1986-87 | January 1988 |
| This Information Paper presents input-price indexes for national road construction activity for the period 1975-76 to 1986-87. This Paper contains a further update of the BTE Input-Price Indexes for the financial year 1986-87. Preliminary data which were used in compiling the indexes for 1986-87 have now been updated, and this has resulted in minor amendments to the previous 1986-87 figures. Earlier values of the indexes can be found in BTE Report 49, Road Construction Price Indexes 1969-70 to 1980-81. |
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| Occasional Paper 85 - Intrastate Bus Services in New South Wales: Trial Entry Liberalisation | November 1987 |
| The Bureau of Transport Economics (BTE) agreed to a request from the Commissioner of the New South Wales Department of Motor Transport (DMT) to undertake a study to monitor a six-month trial. The trial period extended from 17 November 1986 to 17 May 1987 and was confined to the Sydney-Canberra and Sydney-North Coast of New South Wales corridors. The information upon which the results of this study are based was obtained from a review of official statistics relating to passenger travel, information supplied by industry sources, New South Wales Government instrumentalities and from surveys of passengers on bus and train services undertaken by the BTE. The surveys were carried out in January and April 1987 to provide profile characteristics of passengers travelling during peak and off-peak periods respectively. |
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| Information Paper 21 - Australian Road Financing Statistics 1975-76 to 1984-85 | July 1987 |
| The Paper presents statistics on road expenditure by State and Territory, by level of government, by year and by Commonwealth road funding category. A consistent series of road expenditure statistics and information on State road revenue was first presented in BTE Information Paper 3, Australian Road Financing Statistics 1970-71 to 1979-80. The statistics were updated in BTE Information Paper 11 and more recently in BTE Information Paper 14. This Paper provides statistics for 1984-85 and earlier years. Some of the statistics for earlier years have been revised. |
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| Occasional Paper 81 - Number Plate Survey Methodology for Long - Distance Traffic Flows | April 1987 |
| The lack of comprehensive data on transport operations is a long- standing problem in transport research. Information on road transport in particular has proved difficult to obtain. This Paper documents a study which was aimed at developing and testing a technique to estimate long-distance passenger and freight movements based on direct observation of vehicle movements. |
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| Report 61: Assessment of the Australian Road System | January 1987 |
| This Report provides an assessment of the status of the Australian Road System and an examination of its future funding requirements. Roads are divided into the categories recognised by Commonwealth road funding legislation: National Highways (16050 kilometres); rural arterials (89600 kilometres); urban arterials (15400 kilometres); local roads (677400 kilometres). |
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| Occasional Paper 74 - Australian Long Distance Coach Industry Review | December 1985 |
| Recent years have seen a major-increase in the level of competition within the long distance coach industry in Australia. This competition has led to a significant fall in fares and a reported growth in passenger numbers. Initial examination of information sources revealed an almost complete lack of reliable, publicly available, disaggregate data on the industry. Information used in preparation of this Paper was obtained in discussions with coach operators and State authorities, by detailed analysis of coach timetables and observations of coach occupancy. However, information on the size and income of the industry is still based on estimates rather than on any formal industry returns. |
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| Information Paper 15 - BTE Road Construction Price Indexes: 1974/75 to 1984/85 | November 1985 |
| This Information Paper presents input-price indexes for national road construction activity for the period 1974-75 to 1984-85. Earlier values of the indexes, going back to 1969-70, can be found in BTE Report 49, Road Construction Price Indexes: 1969-70 to 1980-81. The BTE has compiled these indexes for use in its studies of the Australian road system. The indexes are also being published to assist those who require up-to-date information on movements in the prices of inputs to road construction. |
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| Occasional Paper 73 - Review of Road Pricing in Australia and Overseas | August 1985 |
| The main purpose of the work presented in this Paper was to examine the nature of road pricing in Australia and identify potential areas for improvement. The approach adopted was to consider the relevant aspects of economic theory underpinning road pricing and then to examine how different road pricing strategies have been implemented in a number of overseas countries; specifically the United States, New Zealand, Singapore and Hong Kong. |
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| Occasional Paper 71 - Benefits of Urban Public Transport Subsidies in Australia | May 1985 |
| This Paper was commissioned by the Bureau of Transport Economics to expand the Bureau's understanding of the nature and extent of subsidies in Australian transportation. The Paper looks at public transport in Australian cities and some of the methodologies which can be used in the evaluation of benefits and costs arising from changes in fare structures or from changes in service levels. The methodologies and data used were based on publicly available sources with minimum use being made of confidential data or analysis. However, the assumptions underlying this study reflect the author's views and are not necessarily those of the Bureau of Transport Economics. |
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| Occasional Paper 68 - Social Aspects of Australian Roads | May 1985 |
| This Paper presents a preliminary assessment of the social aspects of the Australian road system. The focus of the research undertaken for this Paper was on examining a number of complementary approaches that could be utilised to identify and assess the overall social dimensions of roads. For the purpose of extending this conceptual accessibility and proximity framework on a practical level, the study sought to identify the subjectively perceived attributes of roads and determinants of their quality, and the types of changes which they may undergo and which affect their role. |
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| Occasional Paper 67 - Value of Time: A Pilot Survey of Road Users | January 1985 |
| This Paper has been prepared as part of an ongoing investigation into the value of travel time savings. It follows on from the work reported in Bureau of Transport Economics Occasional Papers 51 and 57. The results of a pilot survey of non-urban road users using the functional measurement technique are reported. Particular attention is paid to the validity of sampling options and the processing of data. |
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| Information Paper 13 - Australian Roads Summary Data, 1982 | December 1984 |
This Paper contains basic information on the Australian road network, and on certain related data such as travel, expenditure, vehicle stock, and freight movement. The Paper is presented as a summary guide for ready reference to the status and trends of a limited range of road system characteristics. It includes data which the Bureau has found to be frequently used for the analysis
of road systems, especially from the federal viewpoint. While the data presented here do not provide a complete picture, the aim has been to provide an overview description of the Australian road network, and it is anticipated that users will extract individual items of data according to their particular relevance. |
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| Information Paper 12 - BTE Road Construction Price Indexes: 1973/74 to 1983/84 | December 1984 |
| This Information Paper presents input-price indexes for national road construction activity for the period 1973-74 to1983-84. Earlier values of the indexes going back to 1969-70, can be found in BTE Report 49, Road Construction Price Indexes: 1969-70 to 1980-81. The BTE has compiled these indexes for use in its studies of the Australian road system. The indexes are also being published to assist those who require up-to-date information on movements in the prices of inputs to road construction. |
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| Occasional Paper 63 - Assessment of the Australian Road System: Economic Assessment Model for Rural | May 1984 |
| This Occasional Paper describes an economic assessment of rural arterial roads in Australia based on a road deficiency analysis. Benefit cost analysis was undertaken using the NIMPAC road planning model and an additional set of programs developed by the BTE to carry out economic evaluation. The principal objective of the analysis was to examine the economic returns from investment in rural arterial roads in different States and in different types of project construction work. |
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| Occasional Paper 60 - Assessment of the Australian Road System: Travel Projections | May 1984 |
| The study undertaken to produce road travel projections, and reported in this Occasional Paper, had three basic elements. Firstly, recent trends in road travel were identified. Secondly, past patterns of the demand for road travel were analysed and, wherever possible, such demand relationships were quantified. Thirdly, scenarios relating to the future environment for road travel were developed and projections made. |
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| Report 58: Social Audit and Australian Transport Evaluation | May 1984 |
| This Report covers the interpretation of the social audit concept, the methodology for its application and potential areas of application to Australian transport. The Report also considers possible guidelines and proposals for promoting the social audit approach. |
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| Report 57: Central North NSW Transport Alternatives | May 1984 |
| In March 1982 the Northern Transport Study Committee presented a submission to the Bureau of Transport Economics (BTE) on the inadequacies of the transport system serving the Gwydir and Macintyre River Valleys, commonly referred to as the north-west slopes and plains area of New South Wales. Subsequently, in response to a Ministerial reference the BTE undertook this study in which the economic and financial implications of a range of transport alternatives for this region are examined. |
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| Report 56: Part's A and B: Assessment of the Australian Road System: 1984 | May 1984 |
| This report presents the results of a study of the Australian road system undertaken by the Bureau of Transport Economics in response to a direction by the then Minister for Transport in May 1982. The Terms of Reference required that the Bureau examine changes in conditions and performance of the road system in recent years, trends in levels and patterns of funding, the economics of road investment and the probable impact of alternative future funding patterns and levels. Part B is the summary report. |
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| Information Paper 10 - Assessment of the Australian Road System: Operational Characteristics | May 1984 |
| This Paper deals with the operational characteristics of the Australian Road System and provides time series information to show changes over approximately the last decade in characteristics of the road system. The road system has been defined to include the road network. road users, vehicles and road user legislation while the operational characteristics of the road system have been defined as travel time, comfort and convenience, safety, vehicle operation and community effects. |
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| Information Paper 11 - Australian Road Financing Statistics 1972/73 to 1981/82 | April 1984 |
| This Paper provides an update of the data on road expenditure and State road revenue in Australia contained in BTE Information Paper 3, 'Australian Road Financing Statistics 1970-71 to 1979-80'. It contains statistics on expenditure by the three levels of government (Commonwealth, State and Local Government) for 1980-81 and 1981-82 as well as revisions of some data for earlier years. State government road revenue for 1980-81 and 1981-82 is also included. |
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| Occasional Paper 55 - Assessment of the Australian Road System: A Case Study in Gunning Shire, NSW | July 1982 |
| This Paper presents the results of a study on the performance of roads in a small and therefore more simply analysed region. A road user's view was adopted for performance evaluation during the study and the report's structure represents a methodology for similar future evaluations. For the purpose of the study 'performance' was taken to mean the extent to which requirements are satisfied. |
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| Occasional Paper 49 - Road Financing in Selected Countries | February 1982 |
| This Occasional Paper compares road expenditure and road user taxation in Australia with that in five overseas countries (Canada, Federal Republic of Germany, Great Britain, New Zealand and USA). These five countries were selected because they are federal systems, and/or because they have similar socio-economic backgrounds to Australia. |
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| Report 50: Transport of Slaughter Cattle in Australia | December 1981 |
| This Report presents the results of an investigation of the market conduct and performance of that part of the road haulage industry which undertakes the transportation of cattle intended for slaughter at abattoirs for human consumption. In addition, an assessment of the costs of transhipping beef from processing points to retail outlets is made. The Ministerial terms of reference for the study are contained in Appendix I. |
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| Information Paper 06 - Estimates of Freight Travelling to and from Sydney along the Hume and Pacific Highways | July 1981 |
| This Paper presents the final results from a BTE survey of trucks passing through checking stations located on the Hume and Pacific Highways in NSW at Marulan and Berowra respectively. The aim of the survey was to obtain information on the quantity and nature of road freight travelling to and from Sydney along these two major highways, for use in BTE research studies. The survey commenced in mid 1972 and terminated in mid 1978. This period is an interesting one as there was considerable growth in tonnage handled by the goods trucking industry, particularly intrastate freight. |
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| Occasional Paper 43 - Review of Road Freight Regulation in Britain | February 1981 |
| The desirability of de-regulating road freight has long been a subject of discussion and action by governments in Australia. A recent visit to the United Kingdom by Dr K.W. Ogden provided an opportunity for a brief study of the impact of de-regulation of road freight in Britain. The paper examines the effect of the regulations currently in force in Britain and also examines several aspects of road freight regulation in Britain which may be relevant to freight policy in Australia. |
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| Occasional Paper 39 - Utilisation of Urban Road Freight Vehicles | December 1980 |
| An examination of commodities carried and industries served by urban freight transport revealed that nearly half the tonnage moved is in the form of bulk products (sand and gravel, petroleum, cement, etc), though, in past studies, attention has been focused on the problems of general freight carriers to the exclusion of the others. The current review revealed that problems faced by carriers of bulk materials tend to be different from those faced by carriers of general goods. |
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| Occasional Paper 32 - Guidelines for the Conduct of Urban Transport Corridor Studies | February 1980 |
| This Paper presents a methodology for conducting transport corridor studies for urban areas and is intended primarily to assist State Road Authorities (SRAs) with the generation and evaluation of major road improvement projects. The paper does not attempt to provide a 'blueprint' for corridor studies, but concentrates on developing a framework which, if accepted, would provide at least some measure of consistency between studies undertaken by different authorities. |
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| Report 42: An Assessment of the Australian Road System Vol's 1 and 2 | July 1979 |
| The scope of the report is broad in as much as it attempts to develop a comprehensive, explicit and detailed analysis of both historical and future road investment for the whole of Australia. The report does not make specific total funding recommendations, nor does it attempt to suggest what should be the future levels of Commonwealth, State and Local Government funding of roads expenditure. It focuses considerable attention on past patterns of road expenditure and on the economic merit of those expenditures. The sensitivity of the results of the economic analysis to different levels of overall road funding is examined. This examination is particularly directed to assessments of efficient allocations of resources between road categories and States. Vol 2 is a verbatim publication of comments provided to the BTE for its Report to assist the Commonwealth government in its consideration of grants of financial assistance to the States for roads. |
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| Report 41: The Long Distance Road Haulage Industry | July 1979 |
| This Report investigates the structure, market conduct and performance of the domestic long distance freight industry with particular emphasis on the long distance road transport sector and the intermodal competition it faces. All sectors of the industry appear to be highly competitive. Not only is there competition within the industry, but rail has the potential to capture a significant amount of the long distance freight market from road. The terms of reference as given by the Minister are contained in Appendix 1 of this Report. |
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| Report 40: National Highways Linking Sydney, Melbourne and Canberra Third Report: Canberra Connections, 1979 | March 1979 |
| In this Report, four parallel investigations were undertaken: road user effects; construction costs and engineering considerations; environmental impact; and social impact. In examining possible route locations in each corridor the four investigations were progressively carried out in more detail as alternatives were eliminated, until the best alternative became apparent. At this stage road user effects were quantified and a benefit-cost ratio was used to assess the economic warrant for construction of the preferred alternative. The investigations identified various aspects requiring further and more detailed study during selection of the precise location and the design and the construction stages. |
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| Occasional Paper 27 - A Road Construction Price Index | October 1978 |
| This paper describes a method of measuring price changes at the national level in the road and bridge construction and maintenance industry. The paper gives the results of application of such methodology to measure the price changes for roadworks from 1963-64 to 1977-78 in the form of a price index. This index is a refinement and update of the price index developed by the author for the former Commonwealth Bureau of Roads. |
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| Occasional Paper 26 - Usage Patterns of Urban Cars: Their Effect on Fuel Consumption and Emissions | September 1978 |
| This report examines the hypothesis that there are no significant differences in the urban usage characteristics of various sized passenger vehicles, and discusses some implications of these results. The purpose of this study, carried out in the Melbourne metropolitan area, was to ascertain whether there were any significant differences in the characteristics which describe the usage pattern of various types of passenger (and other) vehicles, in the context of the measurement of urban emissions and fuel consumption. Such differences would determine whether or not passenger vehicles could be considered to be homogeneous for the purpose of these measurements. This analysis will assist in the assessment of the impact of the Australian urban vehicle fleet enery consumption and emissions production. |
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| Occasional Paper 23 - [b] Discussion Paper on Residential Streets | July 1978 |
| This Report summarises and draws together the results of a long and detailed series of investigations into aspects of residential streets, including residential street design, construction and operation, conducted by the former Commonwealth Bureau of Roads. |
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| Report 38: Transportation of the Australian Wheat Harvest | June 1978 |
| The production and export of wheat is important for Australia and its storage and transport represents a significant load on domestic resources. This report presents the results of a study of the costs of transporting the wheat harvest from the production areas to the ports in order to meet both domestic and international demand. |
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| Occasional Paper 17 - Urban Goods Movement in Sydney | February 1978 |
| Transport planning and research has placed considerable emphasis on the movement of people but comparatively little on the movement of goods. Such neglect prompted the Commonwealth Bureau of Roads to sponsor a Workshop on Urban Goods Movement in January 1975 as a means of gaining an insight into the topic. |
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| Report 34: National Highways Linking Sydney, Melbourne and Canberra, 1978 Second Report | February 1978 |
| As part of the National Highway System the Bureau of Roads nominated the Hume Highway as the National Highway linking Sydney, Melbourne and Canberra. However, the route of the National Highway from Goulburn to south of Albury was, in the opinion of the Bureau of Roads, a matter for detailed examination. The Bureau of Roads began work on such a study and reported on the section between Goulburn and Tabletop in 1975. This second report is concerned with the section between Bowna to Barnawatha in the vicinity of Albury. |
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| Occasional Paper 13 - Aggregate Bus Maintenance Costs | December 1977 |
| A knowledge of bus maintenance costs and how they vary with bus age is of value in a number of applications. Of particular interest to BTE is the importance of bus maintenance costs to optimal bus replacement strategies. The report summarises the Aggregate Bus Maintenance Studies of six bus operators in Australian capital cities and isolates the major variables influencing both maintenance and servicing costs. |
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| Occasional Paper 12 - Urban Passenger Travel: The Role of the Electric Car. | December 1977 |
| This report examines the market for battery powered electric passenger vehicles suitable for use in major urban areas in Australia. A typical specification for an electric passenger vehicle has been used as the basis of the analysis. The study was commissioned following the considerable interest shown in the Electric Car Conference conducted jointly by the Bureau and the Australian Electric Vehicle Association in 1975. |
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| Report 33: Cost Recovery in Australian Transport 1974-75 | August 1977 |
| In recent years, increasing attention has been focussed on the question of charges for services provided by governments. In particular, the Commonwealth Government's 'cost recovery' policies have been the subject of wide debate, especially in their application to air transport. This Report contains results of a study of cost recovery in Australian transport generally in the year 1974-75. Each major mode of transport is included, and the analysis is comprehensive in the sense that different areas and classes of transport operations within each mode are analysed wherever applicable or practicable. |
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| Report 32: Darwin and Northern Territory Freight Transport Study | August 1977 |
| The difficulties associated with defining and funding an acceptable transport system to serve the needs of Australians living in the Centre and North of the continent have proved a continuing area of concern to successive Commonwealth and State Governments. In this study an attempt has been made to define a broad network of supply links to the major population centres of the Northern Territory and identify priorities for investment which would provide a satisfactory level of service at minimum total cost. The basic criterion of acceptability was taken as the provision of all weather links between the Northern Territory centres and their major sources of supply. |
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| Report 28: Eastern By-Pass Routes for Launceston: Evaluation | July 1977 |
| In April, 1976, the Minister for Transport, requested the Commonwealth Bureau of Roads to report on 'the justification and timing for the construction of an Eastern by-pass of Launceston, including the question of whether such a bypass would warrant inclusion in the Declared National Highway System'. After identifying the most desirable of a number of alternative Eastern by-pass routes, the report states that at this time there is no economic warrant for an Eastern by-pass. |
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| Occasional Paper 03 - Road User Charges: Theories and Possibilities | July 1975 |
| Considerable disagreement exists on an appropriate system of road user charges and road investment policies. While some work in this important area of resourse allocation has been done in other countries, until recently little investigatory research has been carried out in Australia. This study considers all roads other than access roads with the essential objective being to show up the deficiencies in the cost responsibility approach to road pricing by emphasising the joint cost characteristics of roads. The approach of the study team has been to derive a reasonable set of relative road pricing strategies, given the cost of supplying the road network, based on the demand characteristics of road users. |
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| Report 7: Freight Transport to North West Australia, 1975 -1990 | January 1973 |
| The rapid development of mining in the Pilbara region of north west Australia has already increased the transport task in the region and is expected to increase it much more. In the past, there has been little land transport to the north west, and the major service has been by sea. In the fluid situation generated by rapid development, it is important to ask how the freight task should be performed in future, whether the shares carried by the various transport modes should be changed and whether there should be radical changes in the whole transport system to the region. These are the questions that this report sets out to answer. |
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